Sodium

The majority of the body's primary metabolic processes utilise electrolytes. Among the most significant physiological ions and the electrolytes that are tested the most frequently are sodium, potassium, and chloride. The gastrointestinal system absorbs them, the kidneys eliminate them, and the diet is the main source of them. The primary extracellular cation, sodium, regulates osmotic pressure and fluid transport. Reduced renal reabsorption, prolonged vomiting or diarrhoea, and excessive fluid retention are a few factors that contribute to low sodium levels. High salt consumption increased renal reabsorption, and excessive fluid loss are common reasons of elevated sodium. Potassium: The majority of the body's primary metabolic processes utilise electrolytes. Among the most significant physiological ions and the electrolytes that are tested the most frequently are sodium, potassium, and chloride. The gastrointestinal system absorbs them, the kidneys eliminate them, and the diet is the main source of them. The primary intracellular cation that is essential to the function of muscle and brain cells is potassium. Reduced potassium intake from food or excessive potassium loss from the body as a result of protracted vomiting, diarrhoea, or increased kidney excretion are some of the factors that contribute to low potassium levels. Dehydration or shock, severe burns, diabetic ketoacidosis, and renal retention are all potential causes of elevated potassium levels.