Glucose

The primary carbohydrate found in peripheral blood is glucose. The body's primary source of cellular energy is the oxidation of glucose. Dietary glucose is transformed into either fatty acids or glycogen, which are then stored in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively. Many hormones, the most significant of which are generated by the pancreas, regulate blood glucose content within precise bounds. Hyperglycemia is most commonly caused by diabetes mellitus, which is a lack of insulin secretion or activity. Elevated blood glucose is also caused by a number of secondary causes. Pancreatitis, thyroid issues, kidney failure, and liver illness are a few of these. Hypoglycemia is not as commonly seen. Low blood glucose levels can result from a number of disorders, including insulinoma, hypopituitarism, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus and idiopathic hypoglycemia are two illnesses of carbohydrate metabolism that are treated and diagnosed using glucose levels. Measuring the amount of glucose in urine can help in diabetes management, evaluation of glucosuria, detection of renal tubular abnormalities, and diabetes screening.