Anti Mullerian Hormone

The homodimeric glycoprotein anti-Mullerian hormone is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF β) family. This superfamily's members are all engaged in controlling the development and differentiation of tissues. The testicular Sertoli cells release AMH in males. The Mullerian duct regression and normal development of the male reproductive tract in male embryos are caused by the production of AMH from testicular Sertoli cells. AMH is crucial for the ovarian folliculogenesis process in females. Initial recruitment, which causes primordial follicles to begin to mature, and cyclic recruitment, which results in the growth of a cohort of small antral follicles from which the dominant follicle (destined to ovulate) is subsequently selected, are the two distinct stages of folliculle development in the ovaries. The cyclic recruitment is guided by FSH. Serum measurement the primary applications of AMH include ovarian reserve evaluation, which is based on the so-called antral follicle count (AFC), which counts the number of antral and pre-antral follicles, and response prediction to controlled ovarian stimulation. Additional clinical uses for AMH include the detection of recurring or residual illness in granulosa cell tumours and the identification of abnormalities of sex development (DSD) in children. It has been proposed that AMH can serve as a stand-in biomarker for AFC in the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and in estimating the menopause period.